Introduction:
Java, one of the most popular programming languages in the world, has stood the test of time for over two decades. Its versatility, platform independence, and robustness make it a favorite among developers. Whether you’re a seasoned Java developer or just starting your journey in the world of programming, understanding the fundamentals of Java is crucial, especially when it comes to acing interviews. In this article, we’ll delve into the core basics of Java interview questions to help you prepare and excel in your next Java interview.
- What is Java?
- Java is a high-level, object-oriented programming language developed by Sun Microsystems (now owned by Oracle Corporation) in the mid-1990s. It was designed to be platform-independent, meaning that Java programs can run on any device or operating system that has a Java Virtual Machine (JVM) installed.
- What are the main features of Java?
- Object-oriented: Java is based on the object-oriented programming paradigm, emphasizing the concept of objects and classes.
- Platform independence: Java programs can run on any device or operating system with a Java Virtual Machine (JVM).
- Robust: Java incorporates strong memory management, exception handling, and type checking mechanisms, making it robust and reliable.
- Secure: Java’s security features include a bytecode verifier and a security manager to prevent unauthorized access to resources.
- Multi-threaded: Java supports multi-threading, allowing concurrent execution of multiple tasks within a program.
- Explain the difference between JDK, JRE, and JVM.
- JDK (Java Development Kit): JDK is a software development kit that includes tools for developing, debugging, and monitoring Java applications. It consists of the Java compiler, JRE, and other development tools.
- JRE (Java Runtime Environment): JRE is a runtime environment that provides the minimum requirements for executing Java applications. It includes the JVM and class libraries required to run Java programs.
- JVM (Java Virtual Machine): JVM is an abstract computing machine that enables Java bytecode to be executed on any device or operating system. It translates Java bytecode into machine code and handles memory management and garbage collection.
- What are the primitive data types in Java?
- Java has eight primitive data types: byte, short, int, long, float, double, char, and boolean. These data types represent basic values such as integers, floating-point numbers, characters, and boolean values.
- Explain the difference between == and .equals() method in Java.
- The == operator is used to compare the references of two objects in memory, i.e., whether they refer to the same object.
- The .equals() method is used to compare the contents of two objects to determine if they are logically equal, as defined by the class’s implementation of the .equals() method.
